Method: Instruction will be in the hospital of the practice desiring additional training. Instruction can be provided to individuals or to a group in the practice. Training can include non-animate models, non-survival animals, and clinical patients. The initial level of training will be exploration and biopsies of the thorax, abdomen, urinary bladder, nose, and ears. Minimally invasive surgical procedures can include laparoscopic incisional gastropexy, laparoscopic jejunostomy tube placement, laparoscopic cystopexy, thoracoscopic assisted lung lobectomy, and thoracoscopic correction of PRAA. The practice should have a functional endosurgical system and it would be best if some experience had already been acquired.

Initial level of training can include:

• Thoracic exploration and biopsies

• Abdominal exploratory and biopsies (liver, kidney, pancreas, lymph nodes, small intestines, prostate, etc)

• Endoscopic examination and biopsies of urinary bladder, nose, and ears

• Biopsy for diagnosis and staging of cancer

Minimally invasive surgical procedures currently being performed include:

• Laparoscopic incisional gastropexy (Preventative and Treatment)

• Laparoscopic enterostomy tube placement

• Laparoscopic cyptorchid castration

• Laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy

• Laparoscopic cystopexy for retroflexed bladder in perineal hernia

• Laparoscopic cystoscopic calculi removal

• Laparoscopic colopexy for recurrent rectal prolapse

• Laparoscopic gastrostomy for foreign body removal

• Thoracoscopic pericardial resection for pericardial effusion

• Thoracoscopic assisted lung lobectomy

• Thoracoscopic correction of persistent right arotic arch

• Thoracoscopic thoracic duct ligation for chylothorax